Tag: minoan

  • Free translation of Linear A tablet KH 5 (Khania) concerning the shipping of wine by sea?

    Free translation of Linear A tablet KH 5 (Khania) concerning the shipping of wine by sea?

    Linear A tablet KH 5 Khania enhanced

    If this tablet, KH 5 (Khania) is inscribed in Mycenaean-derived New Minoan, then it would appear that it deals with the shipping of wine by sea. The fact that the floor boards are apparently level would imply that the shipment was carried out successfully in calm seas. On line 1, adakisika, which is Mycenaean-derived New Minoan with orthography adapted to Old Minoan, translates as and adorned with ivy, which implies that the cargo has been blessed by a priest(ess). If this is the case, there is text missing before this phrase, which after all ends with and”, hence possibly “and adorned with ivy (blessed by a priest(ess))”. If NA references nauwi, i.e. “on a ship”, then the mention of “on a level wooden floor (i.e. deck)” makes sense in context. This decipherment may be largely correct, but there is no way of verifying this with any certainty. Finally, if PA is the first syllabogram of pa3ni (paini), which I interpret as Old Minoan for “amphora”, then the wine is being shipped in amphorae, the only way wine could have been shipped in Minoan times. As if…

  • Haghia Triada roundels & noduli

    Haghia Triada roundels & noduli:
    
    Linear A nodulae with syllabogram SI from Haghia Triada
    
    From: The Haghia Triada administrative documents:
    
    http://www.aegean-museum.it/musint2/en/crete/documents.inc.php
    
    Descriptions from this site (quoted):
    
    Although the writing has not been deciphered neither the language has been interpreted (sic, poor grammar) various data may be obtained from the tablets. First of all, a list of Linear A signs may be hypothesized, which, with its 97 symbols, reveals a syllabic script of a simple typology (consonant + vowel and vowels): the signs are, in fact, too many, to represent a complex syllabic system (as the Near Eastern Cuneiform and the Aegyptian Hieroglyph). To these syllabic signs a long series of "logograms", representing each one a word, are added. 
    
    Types of seals represented:
    
    nodulae and roundels from Haghia Triada
    
    Roundels:
    
    The roundel is a characteristic document of the Neopalatian Minoan [1] administration, beside the tablet. It is a round clay disk (classified as Wc) with seals impressions along the edge - from one to six impressions - and, on most cases, one inscription on one or both sides. Frequently the inscription consists of a logogram, sometimes also of a sign-group. It seems to represent the last act [2] of an administrative transaction and probably functioned as a receipt. 
    
    The seals stamped on roundels fully coincide with seals stamped on the other different documents. At Haghia Triada 22 roundels have been found, one of them being without (an) inscription. 
    
    Nodules:
    
    It is (sic, They are) the most widespread Aegean Bronze Age document, both geographically and chronologically. These clay small object (sic, objects) (defined as noduli by J. Weingarten) were not always inscribed but only sealed. They appear in two shapes: dome (classified as We) (fig. 4) and disk (classified as Wf) (fig. 5).  At Haghia Triada 54 noduli have been found, in dome shape, and only 7 are inscribed. 
    
    Types:
    1 Flat-based nodule:
    This type of document is rarely inscribed but regularly sealed. Its characteristic is the negative impression on its reverse (or base) which shows that it had been placed upon a folded piece of parchment around which a thin thread was wound which was also wound into the clay. It appears in two different shapes: standing (fig. 6) or recumbent (fig. 7) (both classified as Wb). At Haghia Triada 76 flat-based nodules have been found, only 2 having a carved inscription. 
    
    2 Hanging nodule [3]:
    
    This small clay piece is characterized by string holes which show that it was fastened to another object by a string. They may present one or two holes. 
    Those with two holes (classified as Wd) have an elongated shape (fig. 8), while those with one hole (classified as WA) present five slightly different shapes: pendant, pyramid, cone, dome, pear (fig. 9) [4]. At Haghia Triada 936 single-holes have been found, 851 being inscribed, and 11 two-hole, only 2 being inscribed. 
    
    Comments by Richard Vallance:
    
    [1] Neo-palatial Minoan administration: This is the Minoan administration at Haghia Triada dating from the Middle Minoan MM ca. 1750-1550 BCE & Late Minoan LM1A, ca. 1550-1500 BCE. Documents in Linear A inscribed during the LM1A period may have been inscribed in Mycenaean-derived New Minoan.  
    [2] “the last act”. This is ambiguous English. Does it refer to the “the most recent” of the Haghia Triada administration? And if so, does this mean the act or acts date from the Late Minoan LM1A period?  And if so, are these acts inscribed in Mycenaean-derived New Minoan?
    [3] The nodules illustrated in my decipherment of Figure 9 above are hanging nodules.
    [4] See my 3 decipherments in Figure 9 at the outset of this post. If the syllabogram SI is the first syllable of a Mycenaean-derived New Minoan word, it could represent any of the 3 decipherments I have proposed. If on the other hand, SI represents any Old Minoan word, it is indecipherable.  
    
    Haghia Triada pianta genrale
    
  • Linear A bar, MA 2 (Malia), probable translation: penny royal as a means of treatment

    Linear A bar, MA 2 (Malia), probable translation: penny royal as a means of treatment:
    
    Malia MA 2
    
    Linear A bar, MA 2 (Malia) deals with some sort of (herbal) remedy as a means of treatment. It strikes me that it may be penny royal (unana). The word jamauti is New Minoan for “as a remedy”, apparently in the instrumental.
    
    
  • Linear A Nouns: ultimate o: Masculine/neuter nouns and adjectives

    Linear A Nouns: ultimate o: Masculine/neuter nouns and adjectives:
    
    Phaistos
    
    KEY: OM = Old Minoan, Minoan substratum
    NM = New Minoan, Mycenaean-derived superstratum
    PGS = pre-Greek substratum
    
    Since this list is intended merely to be indicative of what appears to be the Minoan ultimate o for masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, with a few exceptions intended to be illustrative, I have not defined any of the words here. They will be defined in our Complete Glossary of Minoan Vocabulary, consisting of over 950 words. 
    
    adaro NM = a type of grain, barley
    amidao
    apero
    aruqaro
    asidatoi (pl.?) 5
    dinaro
    ero NM
    jako
    jateo
    kairo 10 NM = due measure
    kero 
    kidaro 
    kiro NM
    kiso
    kito 15
    kuro NM = reaching, attaining, i.e. total
    meto
    mio
    muko NM = corner, recess
    murito 20
    niro
    Paito PGS = Phaistos (= Linear B) 
    pa3dipo
    potokuro NM = a full drink, a brimming drink 
    puko 25 OM = tripd
    qajo
    qareto
    qato
    qero 30
    reqasuo
    roiko NM = broken (= Linear B)
    ruiko Cf. roiko
    Rukito PGS = Lykinthos (= Linear B, Rukito)
    ruko 35
    sapo
    sato
    sezanitao
    simito PGS = mouse, attribute of Apollo, the Mouse God
    siro NM? 40
    tero
    tio
    uro
    uso
    utaro 45
    witero 46
    
    
  • Linear A tablet HT 18 (Haghia Triada) in Old Minoan fully deciphered

    Linear A tablet HT 18 (Haghia Triada) in Old Minoan fully deciphered:

    Linear A ideogams for wheat and barley

    Linear A tablet HT 18 Haghia Triada

    Except for the word pase which introduces this tablet, and which is probably Mycenaean-derived, the entire tablet is in Old Minoan, i.e. the Minoan substratum. Since we know what all of the ideograms and supersyllabograms mean, the decipherment is straightforward. On the first line, we have the ideogram for wheat followed by the associative supersyllabogram QE, which stands for qeria, Old Minoan for “emmer roasted wheat”. Next we have the ideogram for “roasted einkorn”, which Prof. John G. Younger incorrectly identifies as the ideogram for “olives”. They are sometimes confused. In this context, it makes no sense whatsoever for this ideogram to signify “olives”, in view of the fact the rest of the tablet deals with wheat, except at the very end, where figs are introduced. The associative supersyllabogram KI with the ideogram for “roasted einkorn” may reference one of two things, either kiretana, which is apparently Old Minoan for “Cretan” or more likely than not kireta2 (kiretai), meaning “with barley”. In other words, the roasted einkorn is mixed with barley. Finally, we have the supersyllabogram NI for “figs”. In old Minoan, this word is either nire or nite in the plural. The assignment of “bushel-like units” to the wheat and barley on this tablet is merely an approximation, since we have no idea what the standard unit for the measurement of grains, wheat or barley was in Minoan or for that matter in Mycenaean Crete. But it gives us an approximation of the amounts we are dealing with on this tablet.

  • Linear A tablet ZA 14 (Zakros) appears to be almost entirely inscribed in Mycenaean-derived Greek

    Linear A tablet ZA 14 (Zakros) appears to be almost entirely inscribed in Mycenaean-derived Greek:

    Linear A ZA 14 Zakros

    minoan fashion linen dresses

     

    Linear A tablet ZA 14 (Zakros) appears to be almost entirely inscribed in Mycenaean-derived Greek. The only exception is the word tumitizase, which from the context very likely means linen, one of the most highly prize cloths or textiles in Minoan/Mycenaean times. All of the other Mycenaean derived words have been adjusted to meet the exigencies of Minoan grammar. Comments: Megidi almost certainly is in a Minoan oblique case. Given that I have extrapolated 5 more words with the ultimate di: dimedi, medakidi, mekidi, sekadidi and sekidi, it appears that this case may be the genitive singular, probably masculine. Further research is required to substantiate this claim, if at all possible. Mycenaean-derived punikaso is such a striking match with Linear B poinikiyo that it almost certainly means Phoenician. With reference to textiles, this word signifies “crimson”. In addition, qatiju is a close match with ancient Greek, geitheo (here Latinized) = to delight in, which in Minoan grammar is rendered as qatiju, i.e. gatheiu. Also, we have kupi = xhoufi from xhous, “in liquid measure” and panuke = fanuthe from fanos, meaning “brightly washed” and finally jawi for iawi = in violet (Greek).

    To summarize, the decipherment makes perfect sense if all the vocabulary is interpreted as being Mycenaean-derived, except for tumitizase, which context practically demands signifies “linen”, the Old Minoan word corresponding with Linear B rino.

    This remarkable decipherment lends even further credence to the hypothesis that a Mycenaean-derived superstratum imposed itself on the Minoan substratum. I have already deciphered at least six Linear A tablets which are primarily inscribed in Mycenaean-derived Greek, along with more inscribed in an admixture of Old and New Minoan.

  • Minoan Grammar: Nouns & adjectives: Masculine: ultimate u, nominative masculine singular: Part 2: D-Z depu-tanirizu 86-150

    Minoan Grammar: Nouns & adjectives: Masculine: ultimate u, nominative masculine singular: Part 2: D-Z depu-tanirizu 86-150
    
    teal banner
    
    depu
    kopu
    kumapu
    matapu
    nisupu 90
    qepu
    ra2pu
    rapu
    sasupu
    sokanipu 95
    supu
    
    adaru
    akaru
    atiru
    dideru = emmer wheat 100
    dimaru
    diru
    ditajaru
    jaru
    kaporu 105
    karu
    kasaru
    kekiru
    kiru
    koiru NM 110
    koru NM
    maru
    miru
    muru
    naru 115
    nazuru
    niru
    padaru
    qaqaru
    ra2ru 120
    saru
    setamaru
    saru
    siru
    tamaru
    terusi(declension) 125
    
    dusu
    kunisu = emmer wheat
    usu
    zusu
    
    siitau 130
    
    aratu
    kisusetu
    majutu
    mesenerutu
    nutu 135
    rera2tusi (declined)
    ripatu
    sarutu
    semetu
    senu 140
    sezatimitu
    sitetu
    sutu
    
    juu
    
    duzu 140
    kupazu
    manarizu
    mazu
    nazuku
    nasuru 145
    pikuzu
    pu2juzu
    radizu
    suzu
    tanirizu 150
    
    
  • Minoan Grammar: Nouns & adjectives: Masculine: ultimate u, nominative masculine singular: Part 1: A adu-winu 1-85

    Minoan Grammar: Nouns & adjectives: Masculine: ultimate u, nominative masculine singular: Part 1: A adu-winu 1-85
    
    teal banner
    
    Apparently, there are fewer than the 200 nouns and adjectives for the nominative, masculine singular of nouns and adjectives than I had estimated. However, 150 is still a significant cross-section of of our Minoan Linear A Lexicon of 950+  words, accounting for 15.8 % of all vocabulary in the Lexicon.
     
    adu
    dimedu
    edu
    inaimadu
    jadu 5
    judu
    madadu
    minedu
    nadu
    napa3du 10
    nisudu
    qetiradu
    radu
    repu3du
    reradu 15
    ridu
    sezaredu
    teridu
    watepidu
    wazudu 20
    wirudu
    zaredu
    zudu
    
    aju
    araju NM 25
    kaju
    kumaju
    kureju
    pirueju
    sareju 30
    uju
    
    daku
    dejuku
    jaku
    japaku 35
    jaripa3ku
    jatituku
    jumaku
    kaku NM
    kuruku NM 40
    maruku
    nazuku
    niku
    nupa3ku
    pa3ku 50
    pa3pa3ku
    paku NM?
    piku
    qasaraku
    qenamiku 55
    radakuku
    raku
    rekotuku
    reku
    ripaku 60
    romaku
    samuku
    suniku NM
    taku NM
    temeku 65
    tenatunapa3ku
    teniku
    titiku
    tunapa3ku
    zapaku 70
    
    dinau
    karunau
    sijanakarunau
    
    Akanu
    daminu 75
    jakisisinu
    jarinu
    kupa3nu
    nijanu
    nutu 80
    panuqe
    senu
    tenu
    tinu
    winu 85
    
    
  • Linear A seals: Part 2 + Minoan grammar, nominative singular masculine in u

    Linear A seals: Part 2 + Minoan grammar, nominative singular masculine in u:
    
    linear_a_sealsR
    
    Linear A seal HM 570.1g confirms beyond doubt that the word situ is New Minoan, i.e. Mycenaean-derived for “wheat”, a tight match with Mycenaean sito.     But it establishes a lot more than just that. Since there are well over 200 Minoan     words, whether Old Minoan or Mycenaean-derived New Minoan, all of which terminate in u, the circumstantial evidence is very strong that u is the nominative masculine singular of Minoan nouns and adjectives regardless.  I have no idea what jetana means, as it is clearly Old Minoan.
    
    
  • Linear A seals: Part 1 + Minoan grammar, enclitic ne = in/on

    Linear A seals: Part 1 + Minoan grammar, enclitic ne = in/on:

    linear_a_sealsL

    On these Linear A seals we find the word patane, apparently a variant of patos (Greek) = path. But how can we account for the divergence from standard Greek spelling? In the Mycenaean dialect, the preposition “in” was proclitic and expressed as eni, hence eni pati (locative singular). But as I have already pointed out several times in previous posts, when any word is imported from a source superstratum language (in this case, Mycenaean) into a target language (in this case, the Minoan language substratum), its orthography must be changed to comply with the spelling conventions of the target language. This phenomenon also occurs in English, where 10s of thousands of Norman French and French words are imported, but where in a great many cases, the French spelling must be adjusted to conform with English orthography. To cute just a few examples of French orthography adjust to meet the exigencies of English spelling, we have:

    French to English:
    
    albâtre = alabaster
    bénin = benign
    cloître = cloister
    dédain = disdain
    épître = epistle
    forêt = forest
    fanatique = fanatic
    gigantesque = gigantic
    gobelet = goblet
    loutre = otter
    maître = master
    plâtre = plaster
    similitude = similarity
    traître = treacherous
    
    and on and on. This phenomenon applies to every last substratum language upon which a superstratum from another language is imposed.
    
    Likewise, in the case of Old Minoan, it is inevitable that the orthography of any single superstratum Mycenaean derived word has to be adjusted to meet the exigencies of Minoan orthography.
    
    The most striking example of this metamorphosis is the masculine singular. Mycenaean derived words in Minoan must have their singular ultimate adjusted to u from the Mycenaean o. There are plenty of examples:
    
    Akano to Akanu (Archanes)
    akaro to akaru (field)
    kako to kaku (copper)
    kuruko to kuruku (crocus/saffron)
    mare (mari) to maru (wool)
    Rado to Radu (Latos)
    simito to simitu (mouse)
    suniko to suniku (community)
    Winado to Winadu (toponym)
    woino to winu (wine)
    iyero to wireu  (priest)
    
    But these same words terminate in u in Minoan. And there are well over 150 in the extant Linear  A lexicon of slightly more than 950 words. 
    
    As we can clearly see on Linear A seal HM 570.1a, the word patane is typical of several Minoan words, all of which also terminate in ne. These are:
    
    aparane
    asamune
    dakusene
    dadumine
    jasararaanane
    kadumane
    namine
    parane
    patane
    qetune
    sikine
    wisasane
    
    It distinctly appears that all of these words are in the Minoan dative/locative case, and that the enclitic ultimate therefore means “in” or “on”. This will have to be substantiated by further research, but for the time being, let us assum that this conclusion is at least tentatively correct.
    
    
  • Linear A tablet HT 87 (Haghia Triada), apparently in Mycenaean derived Greek

    Linear A tablet HT 87 (Haghia Triada), apparently in Mycenaean derived Greek:
    
    Linear A tablet HT 87
    
    Linear A tablet HT 87 (Haghia Triada) is apparently inscribed in Mycenaean derived Greek. The literal translation and the free translation derived from it do make sense if we interpret the text as being Mycenaean derived Greek. The only word which is indecipherable is sa?supu -or- ni?supu. I cannot determine what the word is, since the syllabogram on the far left is left-truncated. It may be either ni or sa. On thing is certain: Prof. John G. Younger got it wrong. But it is probably an archaic proto-Greek word, which may mean something along the lines of “perfumed”, resulting in a translation “perfumed unguent”, of which 1 part is saffron. This makes sense in context. 
     
    
  • Badly damaged, but still largely legible Linear A tablet from Gournia in Mycenaean derived Greek

    Badly damaged, but still largely legible Linear A tablet from Gournia in Mycenaean derived Greek:
    
    Minoan-Crete-Gournia-Linear-A
    
    Gournia Crete
    
    Although this tablet is badly damaged, the text remains legible. The word kadusi is instrumental plural for a bucket or pail, while daro is a piece of wood (burning/on fire). As for the single syllabogram RO on the first line of the RECTO, it looks very much like it is the last syllable for udoro, which is the word for water in Mycenaean Linear A. So while this tablet is inscribed in the Linear A syllabary, it must have been written just before the adoption of Linear B as the new syllabary. 2 roundels from Gournia were composed ca. 1600 BCE, but this damaged tablet must have been inscribed later, ca. 1500-1450 BCE.
    
    
  • Decipherment of Haghia Triada tablet HT 11 entirely in Mycenaean derived Greek

    Decipherment of Haghia Triada tablet HT 11 entirely in Mycenaean derived Greek:
    
    HT 11
    
    If we read this tablet as if it were inscribed in Mycenaean derived Greek, it does actually make sense. While the tablet is partially an inventory, the rest of it is a religious ceremony for (farmed?) land leased out, blessed by 3 priests. It is much more complex than most tablets either in Linear A or in Linear B.
    
    
  • Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 4 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum

    Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 4 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum:

    All of these displays illustrate just how exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean craftsmanship was.

    composite of exquisite Minoan jewlery

    The last of these displays is that of the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum. This pin is of particular interest to us here because in the next post I succeed in completely deciphering the inscription, which is written entirely in Mycenaean derived New Minoan.

    Gold,_floral_relief,_Minoan,_1600-1425_BC,_AM_Ag._Nikolas,_0501251

     

     

  • Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 3 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum

    Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 3 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum:

    All of these displays illustrate just how exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean craftsmanship was.

    Flower rosette Mycenaean gold necklace

    Gold and rock crystal necklace beads from Agia Triada, Late Minoan I period

    MINOAN GOLD AND GLAS NECKLACE LM century BCE length

     

  • Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 2 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum

    Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 2 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum:

    All of these displays illustrate just how exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean craftsmanship was.

    jewelry of gold, amethyst, faience, silv

    Mycenaean gold necklace 1300 BC

    golden-jewellery-from-mochlos-2600-1900-bce

  • Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 1 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum

    Displays of exquisite Minoan-Mycenaean jewellery # 1 as a prelude to the stunning gold pin from the Ayia Nikolaos Museum:

    British Museum The Aegina Treasure

    Antique Sterling Minoan Prince of Lilies Silver Seal Ring

    florali early Minoan gold flowers ~ c2300 B.C.

     

  • Comprehensive Linear A Lexicon of 969 words, the most complete Linear A Lexicon ever by far, with at least 250 terms more than Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon

    Comprehensive Linear A Lexicon of 969 words, the most complete Linear A Lexicon ever by far, with at least 250 terms more than Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon:
    
    comprehensive Linear A Lexicon of 969 words
    
    At this juncture in my ongoing endeavour to decipher Linear A, I have run across so many tablets with New Minoan Mycenaean derived superstratum words that I am confident I am well on the way to deciphering New Minoan. Such is not the case with Old Minoan, i.e. the original Minoan language a.k.a. the Minoan substratum. But even there I have managed to decipher at least 100 words more or less accurately, bringing the total of Old Minoan, New Minoan and pre-Greek substratum vocabulary to around 250 out of the 969 Linear A words I have isolated in my Comprehensive Linear A Lexicon, by far the most complete Linear A Lexicon ever to appear online, exceeding Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon by at least 250.
    
    Since this new Lexicon is so large and I intend to publish it soon in its entirety on my academia.edu account, there is no point rehashing it here. Instead, I shall tantalize you with just a few excerpts, to give you at least a notion of how far I have taken this labour-intensive project.   
    
    *******************************************************     
    
    Excerpta from the Complete Linear A lexicon of 969 words:
    
    This lexicon comprises all of the intact words in John G. Younger’s Linear A Reverse Lexicon (which is far from comprehensive) plus every last intact word on every single tablet at his site, wherever any of the latter are not found in the former. By my count, there are 969 words, some 250 more than in Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon. Words which are apparent variants of one another are listed as one entry, e.g.
    
    daka/daki/daku/dakuna 
    dakusene(ti)
    japa/japadi/japaku
    kira/kiro/kirisi/kiru
    maru/maruku/maruri 
    merasasaa/merasasaja
    nesa/nesaki/nesakimi
    piku/pikui/pikuzu 
    reda/redamija/redana/redasi 
    saro/saru/sarutu
    tami/tamia/tamisi
    zare/zaredu/zareki/zaresea
    
    The following entries have been deliberately omitted:
    1 Words containing any syllabograms which are either partially or wholly numeric, since we do not know what the phonetic values of these syllabograms are.
    2 Strings of syllabograms > than 15 characters.
    
    KEY:
    OM = Old Minoan, the original Minoan language, denominated the Minoan substratum. Words are tagged OM only where I have been able to decipher any of them.
    PGS = pre-Greek substratum, i.e. words, man of which are non-Indo-European, in existence before Mycenaean and ancient Greek, but which entered Greek and were probably present in Old Minoan, even if many of them do not appear on Linear A tablets or fragments. 
    NM = New Minoan, Mycenaean derived or words of Mycenaean origin in Linear A
    
    a
    adai 
    adakisika
    adara/adaro/adaru OM
    ade/adu OM -or- NM = ades-, ados- sort of cereal 
    adunitana
    adureza OM
    aduza
    ajesa 
    aju 10
    Akanu PGS = Archanes (Crete) 
    
    ... passim ...
     
    dame/dami (sing. damai) PGS
    daminu
    danasi 80
    danekuti
    daqaqa
    daqera OM
    dare
    darida OM
    daropa OM
    darunete
    daserate
    dasi OM
    datapa 90
    datara/datare
    data2 OM
    datu OM 
    Dawa PGS (Haghia Triada) 
    daweda OM
    
    ... passim ...
    
    kanaka PGS
    kanita
    kanuti
    kapa/kapaqe/kapi NM 
    kaporu NM
    kapusi NM?
    kaqa/kaqe
    kara NM
    karona NM?
    karopa2 (karopai) OM 260
    karu NM?
    karunau
    kasaru
    kasi
    kasidizuitanai
    kasikidaa
    kasitero NM
    
    ... passim ...
    
    mini/miniduwa NM
    minumi
    minute (sing. minuta2 - minutai)
    mio/miowa 400
    mipa
    mireja
    miru
    mirutarare
    misimiri
    misuma
    mita PGS
    
    Paito = Phaistos
    pa3a/pa3ana NM?
    pa3da
    pa3dipo
    pa3katari
    pa3kija 510
    
    ... passim ...
    
    pimitatira2 (pimitatirai) OM
    pina/pini 
    pirueju
    pisa
    pita/pitaja 540
    pitakase/pitakesi NM
    pitara
    piwaa/piwaja
    piwi
    posa NM
    potokuro NM?
    pu2juzu
    pu2su/pu2sutu 
    pu3pi
    pu3tama 550
    puko OM = tripod
    
    ... passim ...
    
    roke/roki/roku
    romaku
    romasa
    ronadi
    rore/roreka
    rosa PGS = rose
    rosirasiro PGS = planted rose (rose + hole sunk in the ground)
    rotau 680
    roti OM = a type of grain or wheat (Petras)
    rotwei
    rua
    rudedi
    ruiko
    rujamime
    ruka/rukaa/ruki/rukike
    Rukito (topo) PGS
    ruko NM?
    rukue 690
    ruma/rumu/rumata/rumatase
    rupoka
    ruqa/ruqaqa (common)
    rusa (common/rusaka
    rusi 
    rutari
    rutia
    ruzuna
    
    ... passim ...
    
    sadi
    saja/sajama/sajamana OM 700
    sajea
    saka NM
    sama/samaro
    samidae PGS?
    samuku OM
    sanitii
    sapo/sapi
    saqa
    saqeri
    sara2 (sarai)/sarara PGS = sharia wheat 690 710
    
    ... passim ...
    
    taikama OM PGS
    tainumapa
    ta2merakodisi
    ta2re/ta2reki
    ta2riki
    ta2rimarusi
    ta2tare
    ta2tite
    ta2u
    tajusu 800
    takaa/takari
    taki/taku/takui NM
    tamaduda
    tanamaje
    tanate/tanati NM
    tanunikina
    tamaru
    tami/tamia/tamisi NM 
    tani/taniria/tanirizu 
    taniti 810 
    tapa NM = Linear B
    
    ... passim ...
    
    udami/udamia NM?
    udimi
    udiriki
    uju NM?
    uki NM?
    uminase OM 
    unaa
    unadi (common) 920
    unakanasi
    unarukanasi/unarukanati
    upa
    uqeti
    urewi
    uro NM
    uso/usu
    uta/uta2
    utaise
    utaro 930
    uti
    
    waduko
    wadunimi
    waja NM
    wanai
    wanaka PGS
    wapusua
    wara2qa
    watepidu NM
    watumare 940
    wazudu
    wetujupitu
    widina
    widui
    wija NM
    wijasumatiti
    Winadu PGS (topomastics)
    winipa
    winu NM
    winumatari NM 950
    wiraremite
    wireu NM
    wirudu 
    wisasane
    witero NM?
    
    zadeu/zadeujuraa
    zadua
    zama/zame
    zanwaija
    zapa 960
    zare/zaredu/zareki/zaresea
    zasata 
    zirinima 
    zudu
    zukupi
    zuma
    zupaku
    zusiza
    zute 969 
    
    
  • Linear A fragment Petras V House III = grain husks in New Minoan + comprehensive Linear A Lexicon of 969 words

    Linear A fragment Petras V House III = grain husks in New Minoan + comprehensive Linear A Lexicon of 969 words:
    
    Linear A fragment Patras V House III
    
    This Linear A fragment is one of the most recent findings. It appears to be entirely in New Minoan, i.e. from the Mycenaean derived superstratum. It definitely deals with wheat, as its ideogram appears to the far left. What appears to be the syllabogram ti or pi (though I interpret it as the latter) is inscribed with RO, which just happens to correspond to the Mycenaean and ancient Greek word lopos, but which in this case is lopi (i.e. dative singular).  Hence, it would appear that we are dealing with 1 1/2 units (something along the lines of bushels) of wheat husk. When I speak of bushels, I mean merely a generous approximation, since we have no idea what the standard unit of measurement for wheat or barley was either in the Minoan or in Mycenaean era. But it gives us at least an idea of how much wheat we are dealing with.
    
    At this juncture in my ongoing endeavour to decipher Linear A, I have run across so many tablets with New Minoan Mycenaean derived superstratum words that I am confident I am well on the way to deciphering New Minoan. Such is not the case with Old Minoan, i.e. the original Minoan language a.k.a. the Minoan substratum. But even there I have managed to decipher at least 100 words more or less accurately, bringing the total of Old Minoan, New Minoan and pre-Greek substratum vocabulary to around 250 out of the 969 Linear A words I have isolated in my Comprehensive Linear A Lexicon, by far the most complete Linear A Lexicon ever to appear online, exceeding Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon by at least 250.          
    
    
  • Common Linear A ideograms for livestock, crops, olives, barley and wheat

    Common Linear A ideograms for livestock, crops, olives, barley and wheat:
    
    Linear A ideograms 620
    
    These are the most common Linear A ideograms for livestock, crops, olives, barley and wheat. Unlike Mycenaean Linear B, Linear draws a distinction between certain species of wheat, with the ideogram for “wheat” accompanied by the supersyllabogram DI meaning dideru = “roasted einkorn” and the same ideogram accompanied by QE , signifying qerie = “emmer wheat”, while at the same time using a slightly different ideogram for “barley”.  In addition, the word sara2 (sarai) = “sharia wheat”. All of these words are firmly established and confirmed in either the Old Minoan or the pre-Greek substratum. Most of the Linear A ideograms are either very similar or identical to their Linear B counterparts.
    
    Here you see illustrations of emmer wheat and roasted einkorn:
    
    roasted einkorn and emmer wheat
    
    And here is sharia wheat:
    
    sharia wheat
    
    

Sappho, spelled (in the dialect spoken by the poet) Psappho, (born c. 610, Lesbos, Greece — died c. 570 BCE). A lyric poet greatly admired in all ages for the beauty of her writing style.

Her language contains elements from Aeolic vernacular and poetic tradition, with traces of epic vocabulary familiar to readers of Homer. She has the ability to judge critically her own ecstasies and grief, and her emotions lose nothing of their force by being recollected in tranquillity.

Marble statue of Sappho on side profile.

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