Minoan Linear A scribal hands: R series syllabograms: RA RA2 (RAI) RE RI RO RU
Tag: Minoan Linear A
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Did the archaic nominative and/or genitive singular feminine ending in ja/ya in Mycenaean Greek derive from the Minoan language?
Did the archaic nominative and/or genitive singular feminine ending in ja/ya in Mycenaean Greek derive from the Minoan language?
In the glossary below of:
A: masculine Mycenaean Linear B words ending in jo
B: feminine Mycenaean Linear B words ending in ja
C: Minoan Linear A words ending in ja
These are the keys:
nom. = nominative
gen. = genitive
All Linear B entries are drawn Latinized as is from Chris Tselentis’ Linear A Lexicon.
A: Most Linear B nouns in jo are nominative:
A-da-ra-ti-jo Adrastios nom.
ai-ki-a2-ri-jo aigihalios = coastal, of the coast gen.
a-ka-ta-jo Aktaios nom.
a-ke-re-wi-jo Agrevios nom.
akorajo= used for communal purposes + for the marketplace gen.
a-mi-ni-si-jo Amnisos nom.
a-pi-no-e-wi-jo ethnic name of Amphinoevioi gen.
arejo = areios (divine epithet)nom.
a-te-mi-ti-jo = Artemitios nom.
da-ja-ro = Daiaros nom.
da-mi-ni-jo = Damnios nom.
da-ta-ja-ro = Dataiaros nom.
da-wi-jo = ethnic name of Davios gen.
de-u-ka-ri-jo = Deukalion nom.
di-ka-ta-jo = Diktaios Cf. Linear A nom.
di-u-jo + diwijo = belonging to Zeus gen.
du-ni-jo = Dynios nom.
dwo-jo = of two gen.
e-to-ni-jo = etonion = free-hold nom.
e-wi-ta-jo = ethnic name of Evitaios nom.
kakijo = made of copper gen
ku-te-se-jo = kyteseios = made from ebony gen.
B: Most Linear words in ja are nominative:
a-ko-ra-ja= used for communal purposes + for the marketplace gen.
a-mo-te-wi-ja armothevia = description of a pot (gen. sing.?)gen.
a-ne-moi-ere-ja = priestess of the winds nom.
a-ni-ja = ania = reins (neut. pl.) nom.
a-pa-ta-wa-ja = ethnic name of Aptarfaia nom.
a-ra-ka-te-ja = alakateiai = weavers nom.
a-ra-ru-ja = ararya = bound, equipped nom.
a-re-ja = areia (divine epithet) nom.
a-si-ja-ti-ja = Asiatiai nom.
a-si-wi-ja = Asivia nom.
a-te-re-wi-ja = Atreivia nom.
da-wi-ja = ethnic name of Davia gen.
de-di-ku-ja = dedikyia = being apprenticed adjectival
di-pi-si-ja = ethnic name of Dipsia gen.
di-u-ja = diyia = priestess of the god Zeus nom.
e-qe-si-ja = related to a follower gen.
e-ru-mi-ni-ja = elymniai = roof beams nom.
e-sa-re-wi-ja = Esalevia nom.
e-to-ki-ja = entoihia = fittings for insertion in walls nom.
e-wi-ri-pi-ja = ethnic name of Evripia gen.
i-je-re-ja = priestess nom.
i-ni-ja = personal name = Inia nomm.
i-pe-me-de-ja = personal name =Iphemedeia nom.
ka-da-mi-ja = somee product related to garden cress nom.
ka-ki-ja/ka-ke-ja = made of copper = khalkia gen.
ka-pi-ni-ja = kapnia = chimney nom.
ke-ra-me-ja = personal name = Kerameia nom.
ke-ro-si-ja = geronsia = council of elders nom. + gen.
ke-se-ne-wi-ja = xenwia adjectival
ko-ki-re-ja = kolhireia = shell=shaped, spiral adjectival
ko-no-si-ja = Knosia = ethnic name of Knossos gen.
nu-wa-i-ja = numfaia = kind of textile of water-lily colour nom. + gen.
pa-ta-ja = paltaia = arrow nom.
po-si-da-e-ja = Posidaeia nom.
pu-ka-ta-ri-ja = type of cloth nom.
pu2-te-ri-ja = phuteria = planted, cultivated adjectival
qe-ra-si-ja = Kerasia (name of goddess) nom.
ra-e-ja = laheia = made of stone gen.
ra-ja = Raia nom.
ri-ne-ja = lineiai = flax workers nom.
ro-u-si-je-wi-ja = Lousieveia = originating in/from Lousos gen.
se-to-i-ja = Setoia nom.
si-to-po-ti-ni-ja= sitopotnia = goddess of grain nom. + gen.
te-o-po-ri-ja = Theophoria = religious feast nom.
ti-ri-ja= tria = three nom.
we-a-re-ja = vealeia = made of glass adjectival + gen.
C: what are all the Minoan Linear A words below ending in ja supposed to represent? Are all or even some of them either nouns or adjectives? Just because they are in Mycenaean Linear B does not constitute proof that they are in Linear A. Nevertheless, they could be.
NOTE that it is highly unusual, if not inexplicable, for there to be 57 words with the ultimate ja in Linear A, but none whatsoever ending in jo. This leads me to believe that it is extremely risky to assume that all of these Minoan words with ultimate ja are either nominative or genitive feminine singular. Just because they are in Mycenaean Linear B does not at all necessarily imply that they are so in Linear A. That would be jumping to conclusions. Nevertheless, there may be a case for assuming that Minoan Linear A words with ultimate ja may possibly be either nominative or genitive feminine singular, in which case it would appear that the Mycenaean nominative or genitive feminine singular words with the ultimate ja may possibly be derived from their Minoan precedents. But there is no way of proving this.
C: 57/988 Minoan Linear A words with the ultimate ja:
amaja
aseja
asuja
dija Cf. LB di-u-ja = diyia = priestess of the god Zeus
duja
esija
ija
iruja
itaja
jadireja 10
jasaja
jatoja
kija
kiraja
koja
kuja
kupa3rija *
kupaja
masaja (of larger? L&S 426)
masuja 20
mireja (belonging to a sheep? L&S 443)
musajanemaruja
namarasasaja
nenaarasaja
nemaruja
nenaarasaja
nukisikija *
oteja
pa3kija
paja 30
pasarija *
pija
piwaja
qapaja
qeja
radasija *
raja
rasasaja
redamija *
reduja 40
reja
saja/sajea
sejarapaja
sidija *
sija
sudaja
suja
Sukirteija
tija
tikuja 50
tiraduja
tuimaja
Tukidija
Tunija
waja (land)
wija
zanwaija 57
These 57 Minoan Linear A words may be either:
1 the primordial nominative singular feminine
OR
2 the primordial genitive singular feminine
OR
3 neither
The last scenario is just as probable as the first two.
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Linear A scribal hands: P & Q series syllabograms
Linear A scribal hands: P & Q series syllabograms:
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Linear A scribal hands: N series syllabograms
Linear A scribal hands: N series syllabograms:
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Decipherment of Linear A tablet HT 14 (Haghia Triada) with John G. Younger’s errors corrected
Decipherment of Linear A tablet HT 14 (Haghia Triada) with John G. Younger’s errors corrected:
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PINTEREST Minoan Linear A, Mycenaean Linear B, Arcado-Cypriot Linear C, PIN site for Minoan Linear A, Linear B, Knossos & Mycenae
PINTEREST Minoan Linear A, Mycenaean Linear B, Arcado-Cypriot Linear C, PIN site for Minoan Linear A, Linear B, Knossos & Mycenae:
PINTEREST Minoan Linear A, Mycenaean Linear B, Arcado-Cypriot Linear C, Progressive Grammar and Vocabulary:
with over 2,240 PINS on every aspect of Minoan Linear A, Mycenaean Linear B and Arcado-Cypriot Linear C, including hundreds of tablets and their decipherment, the syllabaries, images of Knossos, Mycenae and other Bronze Age locales related to these syllabaries, maps, archaeological sites and plans, silver and gold jewellery, timelines etc. etc., is the PIN site for Minoan Linear A, Linear B, Knossos & Mycenae:
If you are not already following our PINTEREST site, now is the time to do just that.
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Decipherment of the RECTO of Linear A tablet HT 86 (Haghia Triada)
Decipherment of the RECTO of Linear A tablet HT 86 (Haghia Triada):
It is possible to decipher this tablet and several others dealing with grain crops with a reasonable degree of accuracy and, in the case of some words, with complete accuracy. The Linear A word akaru is almost certainly the equivalent of akaro, and not of akareu, in Linear B, the latter interpretation of John G. Younger being utterly out of the question in context. The standard Old Minoan words for “emmer wheat” and “roasted einkorn” are kunisu and dideru. The second of these words, dideru, is equivalent to Linear B, didero, but neither word appears in any later ancient Greek dialect, leading me to draw the inference that dideru/didero is either archaic proto-Mycenaean Greek or that it falls within the pre-Greek substratum or alternatively that it is Old Minoan (OM). As for dame, it appears to be dative singular for damu (Linear A) or damo (Linear B), hence grains “for the village wheat”. Finally, minute would appear to signify “and for one month”, te being enclitic, meaning “and”, with the entire phrase derived from mini = “month”. The actual case structure for the ultimate u has yet to be determined for Old Minoan. Unfortunately, it will be some time before I can tackle Old Minoan grammar (declensions and conjugations), as I must first decipher as many Old Minoan, pre-Greek substratum and Mycenaean-derived words as I can in Linear A. And these run to at least 300 out of 988 Minoan words I have isolated.
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Comprehensive Linear A lexicon of 988 words, with 214 more entries than in John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon
Comprehensive Linear A lexicon of 988 words, with 214 more entries than in John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon:
This lexicon comprises all of the intact words in John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon (which is far from comprehensive) plus every last intact word on every single tablet at his site, wherever any of the latter are not found in the former, along with additional Linear vocabulary which I have found on my own. By my count, there are 988 words, 214 more than in Prof. John G. Younger’s Reverse Linear A Lexicon, which has 774 entries, not counting numeric syllabograms, of which no one knows the phonetic values at any rate + long strings + broken series of syllabograms, though I may have made the occasional error in addition, since I had to subtract some repetitive words and add others from the tablets, which are not in the Reverse Linear A Lexicon. Words which are apparent variants of one another are listed under one entry, e.g.
daka/daki/daku/dakuna
dakusene(ti)
japa/japadi/japaku
kira/kiro/kirisi/kiru
maru/maruku/maruri
merasasaa/merasasaja
nesa/nesaki/nesakimi
piku/pikui/pikuzu
reda/redamija/redana/redasi
saro/saru/sarutu
tami/tamia/tamisi
zare/zaredu/zareki/zaresea
The following entries have been deliberately omitted:
1 Words containing any syllabograms which are either partially or wholly numeric, since we do not know what the phonetic values of these syllabograms are,
2 Broken series of syllabograms &
3 Strings of syllabograms > than 15 characters.
This is the raw Lexicon, without definitions. Definitions of Old Minoan (OM), pre-Greek substratum (PGS) and Mycenaean-derived New Minoan (NM) terms will soon be published in sub-Lexicons pursuant to this Lexicon on my academia.edu account.
adai
adakisika
adara/adaro/adaru
ade/adu
Adunitana
adureza
aduza
ajesa
aju
Akanu/Akanuzati = Archanes (Crete) = 10
aka
akaru
aki/akii = garlic
akipiete(ne?)
akumina
ama
amaja
amawasi
amidao/amidau
amita = 20
ana
ananusijase
anatu
anau
anepiti
aparane
apaki
apero
api
ara = 30
araju
arako
aranare/aranarai (sing.)
arati
aratiatu
aratu
arauda
aredai
Arenesidi
aresana = 40
ari/arinita
arisu
arokaku
arote
aru/arudara
aruma
aruqaro
arura
asadaka
asamune = 50
asara2
asasumaise
ase/asi
aseja
asidatoi
asijaka
asikira
asisupoa
asona
asuja = 60
Asupuwa
atade
atanate
atare
ati
atika
atiru
atu
aurete
awapi = 70
azura
daa
dadai/dadana
dadipatu
dadumata
dadumina/dadumine
dai/daina
daipita
dajute
daka/daki/daku/dakuna = 80
dakusene(ti)
damate Cf. Linear B damate
dame/dami/daminu
danasi
danekuti
daqaqa
daqera
dare
darida
daropa = 90
darunete
daserate
dasi
datapa
datara/datare
data2
datu
dawa (Haghia Triada) CF LB dawo
daweda
dea = 100
deauwase
dedi
dejuku
demirirema
depa/depu
deripa
detaa
dide/didi
dideru
didikase/didikaze = 110
dii
dija/dije
dika
Dikate = Mount Dikte
dikime
dikise
dima
dimaru
dimedu
dinaro = 120
dinau
dipa3a
dipaja
diqise
dirasa
diredina
dirina
diru
disa
disipita = 130
ditajaru
ditamana = dittany
du/dua/duja
dumaina
dumedi
dumitatira2 (dumitatirai)
dunawi
dupa3na
dupu3re
dura2 = 140
durare
duratiqe
dureza/durezase
dusi/dusini
dusima
dusu
duti
duwi
duzu
edamisa = 150
edu
eka
epa3
ero
esija
etanasu
etori
ezusiqe
ia
Ida/Idaa/Idada/Idapa3 = Mount Ida = 160
Idamate/idamete
Idarea
idunesi
iduti
ija
ijadi
ijapame
ijate
ika
Ikesedesute = 170
Ikurina
ikuta
ima
imeti
inaimadu
inajapaqa
ipinama
ira2
iruja
isari = 180
ise
itaja
itaki
itijukui
itinisa
Ititikuna
Izurinita
jaa
jadi/jadikitu = 190
jadireja
jadisi
jadu
jadurati
jai
jainwaza
jaiterikisu
jaitose
jaja
jakisikinu = 200
jako/jaku/jakute
jamaa
jamauti
jami/jamidare
januti
japa/japadi/japaku
japametu
japanidami
japarajase
jara2qe = 210
jara/jare/jaremi
jarepu2
jarete
jari/jarina/jarinu
jaripa3ku
jarisapa
jaru/jarui
jasaja
jasamu
jasapai = 220
jasaraanane
jasasarame
jasidara
jasea/jasepa
jasie
jasumatu
jata/jatai/jatapi
jate/jateo
jatimane
jatituku+ jatituku (repeated) = 230
jatoja
jawi
jedi
jeka
jemanata
jetana
jua
judu
juerupi
juka = 240
juma/jumaku
juraa
jureku
juresa
jutiqa
juu
ka (extremely common)
kada/kadasaa
kadi
kadumane = 250
kadusi
kae
kai/kaika
kairo
kaji/kaju
kaki/kaku
kakunete
kami
kana/kanatiti/kanau
kanajami = 260
kanaka
kanita
kanuti
kapa/kapaqe/kapi
kaporu
kapusi
kaqa/kaqe
kara
karona
karopa2 (karopai) = 270
karu
karunau
kasaru
kasi
kasidizuitanai
Kasikidaa
kasitero
katanite
kataro scarab (Egyptian)
kati
kaudeta = 280
keda
keire
kekiru
kera/kero
keta/kete
ketesunata
kezadidi
kida/kidi
kidapa
kidaro = 290
kidata
kidini
kidiora
kii/kiipa
kija
kika
kikadi
kikiraja
kimu
kina = 300
kinima
kinite
kipaa
kipisi (fairly common)
kiqa
kira/kiro
kireta2
kiretana
kireza
kiro/kirisi/kiru = 310
kiso
kisusetu
kitai/kitei
kitanasija
kitiqa
kito
koiru
koja
kopu
koru = 320
Kosaiti
kuda
kuja
kujude
kuka
kukudara
kumaju
kumapu
kunisu
kupa/kupi = 330
kupa3natu
kupa3nu
kupa3pa3
kupa3rija
kupaja
kupari
Kupatikidadia
kupazu
kuqani
kura/kuramu =340
kurasaqa
kureda
kureju
kuro/kurotu
kuto
kuruku
kuruma
kutiti Kutaistos Cf. LB Kitaito
kutukore
kuzuni = 350
maa
madadu
madi
mai/maimi
majutu
makaise
makaita
makarite
makidete
mana/manapi (common)= 360
maniki
manirizu
manuqa
maru/maruku/maruri
masa/masaja
masi/masidu
masuja
masuri
matapu
mateti = 370
matiti
matizaite
matu
maza/mazu
meda
medakidi
mekidi
mepajai
mera
merasasaa/merasasaja (very common) = 380
mesasa
mesenurutu
meto
meturaa
meza
mia
midai
midani
midamara2 (midamarai)
midara = 390
midemidiu
mie
miima
mijanika
mijuke
mikidua
mikisena
minaminapii
minedu
mini/miniduwa = 400
minumi
minute (sing. minuta2 – minutai)
mio/miowa
mipa
mireja
miru
mirutarare
misimiri
misuma
mita = 410
miturea
mizase
mujatewi
muko
mupi
murito
muru
musaja
naa
nadare = 420
nadi/nadiradi/nadiredi
nadiwi
nadu
nadunapu2a
naisizamikao
naka
nakiki
nakininuta
nakuda
namarasasaja = 430
namatiti
nami
namikua/namikuda
namine
nanau
nanipa3
napa3du
narepirea
naridi
narinarikui = 440
narita
naroka
naru
nasarea
nasekimi
nasi
nasisea
nataa/nataje
natanidua
natareki (common) = 450
nati
nazuku/nazuru
nea
neakoa
nedia
nedira
neka/nekisi
nemaduka
nemaruja
nemiduda = 460
nemusaa
Nenaarasaja
neqa
neramaa
nerapa/nerapaa
nere
nesa/nesaki/nesakimi
nesasawi
nesekuda
neta = 470
netapa
netuqe
nidapa
nidiki/nidiwa
niduti
nijanu
niku/nikutitii
nimi
nipa3
nira2 (nirai) -or- nita2 (nisai) = 480
niro/niru
nisi
nisudu
nisupu
niti
nizuka
nizuuka
nua
nude
nuki/nukisikija = 490
numida/numideqe
nupa3ku (extremely common)
nupi
nuqetu
nuti/nutini
Nutiuteranata
nutu
nuwi
odami/odamia
opi = 500
ora2dine (oraidine)
osuqare
otanize
oteja
pa (common)/paa
padaru
padasuti
pade
padupaa
Paito = Phaistos = 510
pa3a/pa3ana
pa3da
pa3dipo
pa3katari
pa3kija
pa3ku
pa3ni/pa3nina/pa3niwi
pa3pa3ku
pa3qa
pa3roka = 520
pa3sase
pa3waja
paja/pajai/pajare
paka (very common)/paku (very common)/pakuka
pamanuita
panuqe
para
parane
paria
paroda = 530
parosu
pasarija
pase
pasu
pata/patada/pataqe/patu
patane
pia/pii
pija/pijani/pijawa
piku/pikui/pikuzu
pimata pimento = 540
pimitatira2 (pimitatirai)
pina/pini
pirueju
pisa
pita/pitaja
pitakase/pitakesi
pitara
piwaa
piwaja
piwi = 550
posa
potokuro
pu2juzu
pu2su/pu2sutu
pu3pi
pu3tama
puko
punikaso
puqe
pura2 = 560
pusa/pusi
pusuqe
qara2wa
qa2ra2wa
qajo
qaka
qanuma
qapa3 (qapai)
qapaja/qapajanai
qaqada = 570
qaqaru
qareto
Qaqisenuti
qaro
qasaraku
qatidate
qati/qatiki
qatiju
qedeminu
qeja = 580
qeka
qenamiku
qenupa
qepaka
qepita
qepu
qequre
qera2u/qera2wa
qeri
qero = 590
qerosa
qesite
qesizue
qesupu
qesusui
qeta2e
qeti/qetiradu
qetune
qisi
qoroqa = 600
quqani
raa
rada/radaa/radakuku/radami
radarua
radasija
radizu
radu
ra2i
ra2ka
ra2madami = 610
ra2miki
ra2natipiwa
ra2pu/ra2pu2
ra2ri (rairi) = lily
ra2rore
ra2ru
ra2saa
raja/raju
rakaa
raki/rakii/rakisi/raku = 620
ranatusu
rani
raodiki
rapa/rapu
rapu3ra
raqeda
rarasa
rarua
rasa/rasi
rasamii = 630
rasasaa/rasasaja
rata/ratapi
ratada
ratise (ritise?)
razua
rea
reda (common)/redana/redasi
redamija
redise
reduja = 640
reja/rejapa
rekau
rekotuku
reku/rekuqa/rekuqe
rema/rematuwa
remi
renara/renaraa
renute
repa
Repu2dudatapa = 650
repu3du
reqasuo
reradu
rera2tusi
reratarumi
rerora2
rese/resi/resu See sere
retaa/retada
retaka
retata2 = 660
retema
reza
rezakeiteta
ria (common)
ridu
rikata
rima
rimisi
ripaku
ripatu = 670
riqesa
rira/riruma
rirumate
risa
Risaipa3dai
Risumasuri
ritaje
rite/ritepi
ritoe
rodaa/rodaki = 680
roika
roke/roki/roku
romaku
romasa
ronadi
rore/roreka
rosa = rose
rosirasiro
rotau
roti = 690
rotwei
rua
rudedi
ruiko
ruja
rujamime
ruka/rukaa/ruki/rukike
Rukito
ruko
rukue = 700
ruma/rumu/rumata/rumatase
rupoka
ruqa/ruqaqa (common)
rusa (common/rusaka
rusi
rutari
rutia
ruzuna
sadi
saja/sajama/sajamana = 710
sajea
saka
sama/samaro
samidae
samuku
sanitii
sapo/sapi
saqa
saqeri
sara2 (sarai)/sarara =720
sareju
saro/saru/sarutu
sasaja
sasame = sesame
sasupu
sato
sea/sei
sedina
sedire
seikama = 730
Seimasusaa
seitau
sejarapaja
sejasinataki
sekadidi
sekatapi
sekidi
Sekiriteseja
sekutu
semake = 740
semetu
senu
sepa
sere
sesapa3
Sesasinunaa
Setamaru
Seterimuajaku
setira
Setoija = 750
Sewaude
sezami
sezanitao
sezaredu
sezatimitu
sia
sidare/sidate
sidi/sidija
sii/siida/siisi
siitau = 760
sija
Sijanakarunau
sika
siketapi
sikine
Sikira/sikirita
sima
simara
simita
simito/simitu = mouse = 770
sina
sinada
sinae
sinakanau (common)
sinakase
sinamiu
sinatakira
sinedui
sipiki
sipu3ka = 780
sire/siro/siru/sirute
siriki
Sirumarita2
Sitetu
situ
siwamaa
sokanipu
sokemase
sudaja
suja = 790
Sukirita/Sukiriteija = Sybrita
suniku (common)
supa3 (supai)
supi/supu
sure
Suria
suropa
sutu/sutunara
suu
suzu = 800
taa
tadaki/tadati
tadeuka
taikama
Tainaro
tainumapa
Ta2merakodisi
ta2re/ta2reki
ta2riki
Ta2rimarusi = 810
ta2tare
ta2tite
ta2u
tajusu
takaa/takari
taki/taku/takui
tamaduda
tanamaje
tanate/tanati
Tanunikina = 820
tamaru
tami/tamia/tamisi
tani/taniria/tanirizu
taniti
tapa
tapiida
tapiqe
tara/tarina
tarasa
tarawita = 830
tarejanai
tarikisu
taritama
tasa/tasaja
tasise
tata/tati
tateikezare
tedasi/tedatiqa
tedekima
teepikia = 840
Teizatima
tejai
tejare
tekare
teke/teki
tekidia
temada/temadai
temeku
temirerawi
tenamipi = 850
tenata/tenataa
tenatunapa3ku
tenekuka
teneruda
teniku
tenitaki
tenu/tenumi (common)
tepi
tera/tere/teri tera
teraseda = 860
tereau
tereza
teri/teridu
terikama
tero/teroa
terusi (extremely common)
tesi/tesiqe
Tesudesekei
tetita2
tetu = 870
Tewirumati
Tidama
tidata
tidiate
tiditeqati
tiduitii/tiisako
tija
tika
tikiqa
tikuja = 880
Tikuneda
timaruri/timaruwite
timasa
timi
timunuta
tina
Tinakarunau
tinata (common)/tinita
tinesekuda
tininaka = 890
tinu/tinuka
tinusekiqa
tio
tiqatediti
tiqe/tiqeri/tiqeu
tiraduja
tira2
tirakapa3
tire
tisa = 900
tisiritua
tisudapa
Tita
titema
titiku
titima
tiu
tiumaja
tizanukaa
toipa = 910
tome
toraka = Linear B toraka
toreqa
tuda
tujuma
tukidija
tukuse
tuma/tumi/tumitizase
tunada/tunapa
tunapa3ku = 920
Tunija
tupadida
tuqe
turaa
Turunuseme
turusa
tusi/tusu/tusupu2
tute/tutesi
udami/udamia
udimi = 930
udiriki
uju
uki
Uminase
unaa
unadi (common)
unakanasi
unana
unarukanasi/unarukanati
upa = 940
uqeti
urewi
uro
uso/usu
uta/uta2
utaise
utaro
uti
waduko
waduna = 950
Wadunimi
waja
wanai
wanaka
wapusua
wara2qa
watepidu
watumare
wazudu
wetujupitu = 960
widina
widui
wija
Wijasumatiti
Winadu
winipa
winu
winumatari
wiraremite
wireu = 970
wirudu
Wisasane
witero
zadeu/zadeujuraa
zadua
zama/zame
zanwaija
zapa
zare/zaredu/zareki/zaresea
zasata = 980
zirinima
zudu
zukupi
zuma
zupaku
zusiza
zusu
zute = 988
VERSUS Younger = 774 ( – numeric syllabograms + long strings + broken series of syllabograms). Hence Younger’s lexicon amounts to 78.3 % of this one, i.e. this lexicon contains 214 more entries and is 21.7 % longer.
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Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #6 Linear A tablet ARKH 2 (Arkhanes)
Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #6 Linear A tablet ARKH 2 (Arkhanes)
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Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #5 Linear A tablet MA 1 (Malia)
Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #5 Linear A tablet MA 1 (Malia)
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Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #3 Linear A tablet KH 10 (Khania)
Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #3 Linear A tablet KH 10 (Khania)
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Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #2 Linear A tablet KH 5 (Khania)
Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: #2 Linear A tablet KH 5 (Khania) Here is the digitally enhanced version of KH 5:
versus the original photo of it as found on the Internet:
The original photo is severely underexposed, fuzzy and definitely off-colour.
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Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: # 1 Linear A tablet ZA 14 (Zakros)
Digital enhancement of Linear A & B tablets: # 1 Linear A tablet ZA 14 (Zakros)
So many photographs of both Linear A and B tablets on the Internet are of such poor quality that they are often practically illegible, even when the entire inscriptions are extant. Photos are underexposed, fuzzy and off-colour. I have taken it upon myself to correct as many of these flaws as I possibly can. The results are sometimes nothing short of spectacular and usually very good. I hope everyone who uses them enjoys them to the fullest. You have my permission to reproduce them, but please do not alter their appearance. The amount of work I have to pour into each digitization can run to at least one hour.
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For the first time ever in history, a conjectural full restoration of an entire Linear A tablet, ZA 20 (Zakros)
For the first time ever in history, a conjectural full restoration of an entire Linear A tablet, ZA 20 (Zakros):
In the previous post, I conjectured how the text of the missing top of Linear A tablet ZA 20 (Zakros) might have read. While we shall never know for certain, one thing is sure: we do know that the entire tablet dealt with grain crops. It therefore stands to reason that the missing text on the top must have inventoried grains. With this firmly in mind, I have endeavoured to reconstruct what I believe how the missing text may have read. It could very well have run something along these lines:
kireta2 (kiretai) 11 dideru 42 dideru 30 qerie 22 qerie 6
NOTE that kireta2 (kiretai) is the Minoan orthography for Greek krithai (Latinized), which of course is barley.
Translation: 11 bushel-like units of barley, 42 units of emmer wheat, 30 units of emmer wheat mixed with 22 units of roasted einkorn, and 6 units of pure roasted einkorn
for a total of 111
which when taken into account with total of 19 on the bottom half of the tablet yields a grand total of 130.
Hence the decipherment of the entire tablet with the top half restored as conjectured, reads as follows:
11 bushel-like units of barley, 42 units of emmer wheat, 30 units of emmer wheat mixed with 22 units of roasted einkorn, and 6 units of pure roasted einkorn + ro? with dry units of measurement (i.e. bushel-like units) + 4 units of mi? + ? + ? + along with 1 bushel-like unit of wheat 7 12 bushel-like units of te*123 (flax?) + 2 bushels of rumatase (spelt?) for a grand total of 130.
As you can readily see, this decipherment makes perfect sense, and in any case, even if the text of original tablet did not read quite this way, it must have read very much like this.
You will forgive my awful scribal hand. I cannot hope to be able to replicate the finer hand of the original scribe.
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A solid decipherment of Linear A tablet ZA 20 (Zakros), which definitely deals with several types of crops
A solid decipherment of Linear A tablet ZA 20 (Zakros), which definitely deals with several types of crops:
Even though at the very least the top half of Linear A tablet ZA 20 (Zakros) is missing, it definitely deals with several types of crops. This is abundantly clear from the extant text on the bottom half (or less) of the tablet, in which we find, not one but 2 references to wheat, and to another crop, rumatase, which remains undeciphered, but which in all probability means “flax”. This word could also be Mycenaean-derived New Minoan for luma (Latinized Greek) for “offscourings”, the process whereby impurities are removed from grain crops, in this case, the extraction of chaff from wheat. It makes perfect sense in context.
Given that at least half of the top of this tablet is lost, the question is, what does it reference? It is apparent from the remaining extant text on the bottom of this tablet, which deals with wheat twice, that the missing upper part of the tablet should deal with grain crops. There are indeed several words in Linear A which are grain crop-specific. These are dideru = “emmer wheat”, qerie = “roasted einkorn” and sara2/sarai = “sharia wheat”. It is highly likely that the missing top portion of this tablet deals with at least one of these crops, or with 2 or even all 3 of them. In addition, mention may well have been made of either or both barley and flax crops.
In view of the fact that the sum total for all crops on this tablet = 130, whereas the totals for the crops on the bottom half = 19 only, we are left with 111 units of something unaccounted for... and what might be that something?... other grain crops, of course. Otherwise, how are we to account for the 111 missing units on the lost portion of this tablet? We cannot. These 111 units, which were definitely tallied on the missing top of the tablet, must have been standard units of dry measurement for grain crops, something akin to our modern bushels. Of course, bushels are merely a speculative approximation, since there is no way we can know what the standard units of dry measurement for crops were either in the Minoan or Mycenaean eras, historically remote as they are. All we can do is hazard an approximation. But at least bushels at least give us some idea of what we are dealing with here.
Evidence for a substantive inventory of several grain crops on this tablet is further buttressed by the presence of the word durezase, in an oblique case of dureza, which I have (and I believe correctly) deciphered as one standard unit of dry measurement in Minoan, in other words one unit roughly approximating the modern bushel. So the accumulation of circumstantial evidence lends even further credence to our decipherment. Finally, the decipherment makes so much sense contextually that it is more likely than not correct.
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Provisional count of Mycenaean-derived vocabulary in Linear A = 33.4 %
Provisional count of Mycenaean-derived vocabulary in Linear A = 33.4 %:
I have just finished calculating the provisional maximum number of probable/possible Mycenaean-derived New Minoan words in our Linear A Lexicon of 988 words, and the count comes to 330, which is 33.4%. However, there is still a good deal of research to be done before I can determine how many of these potential New Minoan words are in fact just that. I estimate that, once I have eliminated the possible candidates, and restricted myself to the probable, this figure should drop to around 25%, which is roughly in line with the percentage of French words in English = 29%.
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