Bachelor of Arts, Linguistics, conferred on Rita Roberts May 7 2020
Author: vallance22
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Bachelor of Arts, Linguistics, conferred on Rita Roberts May 7 2020
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maps of the Hittite Empire 1450 BCE & 1200 BCE
maps of the Hittite Empire 1450 BCE & 1200 BCE
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senryu – the universe knows = l’univers sait
senryu – the universe knows = l'univers sait
“Do not feel lonely, the entire universe is inside of you.” — Rumi (1207-1273)
Islamic theologian
“Ne pas te sentir seul, l'univers entier est dans toi” — Rumi ( 1207-1273 )
théologien islamique
the universe knows
who we are before we were
who are we?
l'univers sait
qui nous sommes avant nous
qui sommes-nous ?
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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autumn haiku d’automne – wolf okami = okami le loup
autumn haiku d'automne – wolf okami = okami le loup
ole' okami wolf
you shiver in the moonlight
in shades of shades
vieux loup okami
tu frémis au clair de lune
en ombres d'ombres
* “okami” is the Japanese word for “wolf”/ “okami”, c'est le mot japonais pour “le loup”.
Richard Vallance
© by Richard Vallance 2020
traditional japanese print/ gravure japonaise traditionnelle
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summer haiku d’été – the sea is the soul = la mer, c’est l’åme
summer haiku d'été – the sea is the soul = la mer, c'est l'åme
the sea is the soul
the soul is the sea -
as the dolphins know
la mer, c'est l'âme
l'âme, c'est la mer -
les dauphins le savent
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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summer haiku d’été – the moon has set = la lune se couche
summer haiku d'été – the moon has set = la lune se couche
the moon has set
with the Pleiades...
all alone I sleep
la lune se couche
et les Pléiades ...
je dors toute seule
Richard Vallance
© by Richard Vallance 2020
photos public domain/ domaine public
The texts in the left pane are overlaid on the painting, The Pleiades (1885), by the American painter Elihu Vedder (1836-1923).
These texts consist of:
1. the original poem by Sappho (ca. 630-570 BCE) in Aeolic Greek, which is considered to be one of the most exquisite brief lyrics in all history.
2. the original poem transcribed by myself into the early Greek syllabary, Mycenaean Linear B (ca. 1400-1200 BCE), which in turn I have transcribed into the alphabet so that you can read it aloud (even if you don't understand it).
3. the original poem transcribed by myself into the Greek syllabary, Arcado-Cypriot Linear C (ca. 1100-400 BCE), , which in turn I have transcribed into the alphabet so that you can read it aloud (even if you don't understand it).
4. My literal translation of Sappho's lyrics into English.
5. My literal translation of Sappho's lyrics into French.
The text in the right pane is my own original haiku based on Sappho's lyrics.
Les textes sur le panneau à gauche se superposent sur la peinture, Les Pléiades ( 1885 ), par le peintre américain Elihu Vedder ( 1836-1923 ).
Les textes sont les suivants :
1. le poème originel par Sappho (vers 630 - 570 av. J.-C. ) en grec éolic, qu'on estime être l'un des poèmes lyriques des plus exquis dans toute l'histoire.
2. ce même poème que j'ai transcrit en Linéaire B mycénien (vers 1400 - 1200 av. J.-C. ), ce qu'on désigne une syllabaire. J'ai ensuite transcit ce text en caractères alphabétiques afin que vous puissiez le lire à haute voix, même si vous n'y comprenez rien.
3. the original poem transcribed by myself into the Greek syllabary, Arcado-Cypriot Linear C (ca. 1100-400 BCE), , which in turn I have transcribed into the alphabet so that you can read it aloud (even if you don't understand it).
4. My literal translation of Sappho's lyrics into English.
5. My literal translation of Sappho's lyrics into French.
The text in the right pane is my own original haiku based on Sappho's lyrics.
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summer haiku d’été – alone she reaps = seule elle moissonne
summer haiku d'été – alone she reaps = seule elle moissonne
alone she reaps
the willowing wheat...
yes her sorrows' lay
seule elle moissonne
le blé ondulant ...
chant de son chagrin
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
painting, the harvester by Edward John Cobbett (1815-1899)
based on the lovely lyrical poem by William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
suivant le beau poème lyrique de William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
The Solitary Reaper
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
No Nightingale did ever chaunt
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travellers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands:
A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.
Will no one tell me what she sings?—
Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago:
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?
Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o'er the sickle bending;—
I listened, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more.
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
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summer haiku d’été – boreal forest = forêt boréale
summer haiku d'été – boreal forest = forêt boréale
boreal forest
bursting into flames -
how the stag wails
forêt boréale
toute en flammes -
que le cerf braille
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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summer haiku d’été – bored out of his gourd = ennuyé à mort
summer haiku d'été – bored out of his gourd = ennuyé à mort LOL!
bored out of his gourd
the little fox yawns
but he doesn't fart
ennuyé à mort
le petit renard bâille
mais il ne pète pas
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo © by/ par Alexandre et Chloé Bés
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summer haiku d’été – how the rippling waves = les ondes ondulantes
summer haiku d'été – how the rippling waves = les ondes ondulantes
how the rippling waves
tickle the pebbles
who tickle my feet
les ondes ondulantes
chatouillent les galets
qui caressent mes pieds
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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summer haiku d’été based on the haiku by Chora (1729-1780) / suivant le haïku de Chora ( 1729-1780 )
summer haiku d'été based on the haiku by Chora (1729-1780) / suivant le haïku de Chora ( 1729-1780 )
the moon at daybreak
the plovers on the shore
vanish far away
la lune à l'aube
les pluviers à la rive
disparaissent au loin
Chora
the sun at dawn
the plovers on the sand
vanish in a flash
le soleil à l'aube
les pluviers sur le sable
se volatisent
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo © by/ par Richard Vallance 1998
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spring haiku = how the robin chirps = que le rouge-gorge chante
spring haiku = how the robin chirps = que le rouge-gorge chante “ 'Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.” - Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) « Il vaut mieux avoir aimé et perdu, que de n'avoir jamais aimé. » - Alfred Tennyson ( 1809-1892 )
how the robin chirps
I'll love you all forever
even when you're lost
que le rouge-gorge chante
je vous aime à jamais ... même
si tu es perdu
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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spring haiku d’été – a jellyfish glides = une méduse glisse
spring haiku d'été – a jellyfish glides = une méduse glisse In the coronavirus epidemic, even the canals of Venice are no longer polluted! Durant l'épidémie du coronavirus, même les canaux de Venise ne sont plus pollués !
a jellyfish glides
in your pristine canal
my hush Venice
une méduse glisse
dans ton canal transparent
ma Venise silente
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo © by/ par Andrea Mangoni April/ avril 2020
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winter haiku d’hiver based on Ransetsu’s “New Year’s Day”/ suivant le haïku de Ransetsu « le jour de l’an »
winter haiku d'hiver based on Ransetsu's “New Year's Day”/ suivant le haïku de Ransetsu « le jour de l'an »
by/ par Ransetsu
New Year's Day
the sky is cloudless
sparrows are gossiping
le jour de l'an
le ciel est sans nuages
les moineaux bavardent
Ransetsu
a cloudless sky
in cold weather
crows chatter
ciel sans nauges
par temps froid
les corbeaux jacassent
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vallance 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
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summer haiku d’été – multilingual haiku = haïku multilingues
summer haiku d'été – multilingual haiku = haïku multilingues
English
haiku
pond
reflection
français
haïku
l'étang
reflet
Haitian Creole
haiku
letan
refleksyon
italiano
haiku
laghetto
riflessione
Corsican
haiku
stagnu
riflessione
español
haiku
estanque
reflexión
Catalan
haiku
estany
reflexió
românesc
haiku
lac
reflecţie
Indonesian
haiku
kolam
refleksi
Filipino
haiku
pond
pagmuni-muni
Malay
haiku
kolam
renungan
Welsh
haiku
pwll
myfyrio
Gaelic
haiku
lòn
meòrachadh
Deutsch
Haiku
Teich
Betrachtung
in de Nederlandse
haiku
vijver
reflectie
Afrikaans
haiku
dam
besinning
Czech
haiku
rybník
odraz
Croation
haiku
jezero
odraz
Swedish
haiku
damm
reflexion
Norwegian
haiku
dam
refleksjon
Albanian
haiku
pellg
reflektim
Finnish
haiku
lampi
heijastus
Basque
hiku
putzua
hausnarketa
Turkish
haiku
gölet
yansţma
Somali
haiku
balli
milicsiga
Swahili
haiku
bwawa
tafakari
ancient languages
Latin
haiku
piscina
imago
Etruscan
haiku
huin
zeri
Hittite
haiku
luli
lalukima
Richard Vallance
© by/ par Richard Vaallace 2020
photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay
I especially love the English, French, Italian, Romanian, Somali, Latin, Etruscan & Hittite versions. Anyone else want to let me know what your favourites are?
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CONJUGATION OF VERBS IN HITTITE: Present and Preterite (past tense)
CONJUGATION OF VERBS IN HITTITE: Present and Preterite (past tense) Conjugation: Present active: MI: HI: uncommon sing. Sing. 1 mi 1 hi (/hhi/ahhi) 2 si 2 ti 3 zi 3 i pl. pl. MI = HI 1 weni//wani/ueni 1 weni 2 teni 2 teni 3 anzi 3 anzi PRESENT: es = to be MI 1 esmi 2 essi 3 eszi 1 esuwani ... 3 asanzi ses = to sleep MI 1 sesmi 2 ... 3 seszi 1 sesueni 2 ... 3 sesanzi ed = to eat MI 1 edmi 2 ezzassi 3 ezzazzi/ezzai 1 eduwani 2 ezzatteni 3 adanzi kuen = to strike, kill MI Cf. kill (English) + tuer (French) 1 kuemi 2 kuesi 3 kuenzi 1 kuennummeni 2 kuenatteni 3 kunanzi hark = to hold, to have MI 1 harmi (k dropped before consonant) 2 harsi/harti (k dropped before consonant) 3 harzi (k dropped before consonant) 1 harweni/harwani (k dropped before consonant) 2 harteni (k dropped before consonant) 3 harkzani istamas = to hear MI 1 istamasmi 2 istamassi (istamasti/istamaszi) 3 istamaszi 1 istamasteni 2 ... 3 istamassanzi punus = to ask MI 1 punusmi 2 ... 3 punuszi 1 punussueni 2 ... 3 punussanzi uwate = to bring MI 1 uwatemi 2 uwatesi 3 uwatezzi 1 uwateweni (uwatewani 2 uwatetteni (uwatettani) 3 uwadanzi lami = to detach HI? 1 lami 2 lasi 3 lai 1 ... 2 ... 3 lanzi te = to speak MI 1 temi 2 tesi 3 tezzi 1 tarweni (te -> ta in the plural) 2 tarteni 3 taranzi pai = to go MI 1 paimi 2 paisi (pasi/paitti) 3 paizzi 1 paiweni (paiwani) 2 paitteni (paittani) 3 panzi hatrai = to write MI 1 hatrami 2 hatrasi 3 hatraizzi 1 hatraweni 2 ... 3 ... kupawi = to count MI Cf. français “couper” 1 ... 2 kupuesi 3 kuppuwaizi (kupuezzi) 1 ... 2 kuppuwateni 3 kuppwanzi handai = to add MI 1 handami 2 handasi 3 handaizzi (hantesa/handai) 1 ... 2 ... 3 handanzi iya = to do MI 1 iyami (iyammi) 2 iyasi 3 iyazi (iyazzi/iezi) 1 iyaweni (iyawani) 2 iyatteni 3 iyanzi wemiya = to find MI 1 wemiyami 2 wemiyasi 3 wemiyaz(z)i (wemiezi) 1 wemiyaweni 2 ... 3 wemiyanzi harnink = to destroy HI 1 harrikmi (drops n before consonant) 2 harrikti (drops n before consonant) 3 harrnikti (drops n before consonant) 1 ... 2 harnikteni (drops n before consonant) 3 harninkanzi sarnink = to replace MI 1 sarnikmi (drops n before consonant) 2 ... 3 sarnikzi (drops n before consonant) 1 sarninkueni 2 sarnikteni (drops n before consonant) 3 sarninkanzi ninik = to mobilize MI 1 ... 2 ... 3 ninikzi 1 ... 2 ninikteni 3 nininkanzi akkusk = to drink a lot MI 1 ... 2 uskusi (uskatti) ask -> usk 3 uskizzi 1 ... 2 uskatteni 3 uskanzi azzikk = to adore (all the time) MI 1 ... 2 ... 3 azzikizzi 1 ... 2 azzikkittani 3 azzikktanzi arnu = to bring MI 1 arnum(m)i 2 arnusi 3 arnuz(z)i 1 arnummeni 2 arnutenni 3 arnuwa(n)zi assanu/asnu = to prepare/obtain MI 1 assanumi 2 assanusi/asnusi 3 assanuz(z)i/asnuzi 1 ... 2 ... 3 assanuanzi PRETERITE: Preterite active: MI: HI: 1 (n)un 1 h(hun) 2 sta 2 (s)ta 3 sta/t 3 s pl. 1 wen/uen 1 wen MI = HI 2 ten 2 ten 3 er/ir 3 er/ir es = to be MI 1 esun 2 esta 3 esta 1 esuen 2 esten 3 esir ses= to sleep MI 1 sesun 2 sesta 3 ... 1 sesuen 2 ... 3 seser ed = to eat MI 1 edun 2 ... 3 ezta 1 ... 2 ... 3 eter kuen = to strike, kill MI 1 kuenun (kuenunun) 2 kuinnesta kue -> kui 3 kuenta 1 kueun (kuinnummen) 2 kuenten 3 kuennir hark = to hold, to have MI (Alexandre, please double check this!) 1 harkun 2 ... 3 harta 1 harwen 2 harten 3 harkir istamas = to hear MI 1 istamassun 2 ... 3 istamasta 1 ... 2 istamasten 3 istamassir punus = to ask MI 1 punussun 2 punusta 3 punusta 1 punussuen 2 ... 3 punussir uwate = to bring MI? 1 uwatenun 2 uwatet 3 uwatet 1 uwatewen 2 ... 3 uwater lami = to detach MI? 1 laun 2 lais 3 lait 1 lawen 2 ... 3 ... te = to speak MI 1 tenun 2 3 tet 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... pai = to go MI 1 paun 2 ... 3 pait/paitta 1 paiwen 2 .... 3 pair hatrai = to write MI/HI? 1 hatranun 2 hatraes 3 hatrait/hatraes 1 ... 2 ... 3 hatrair kupawi = to count MI Cf. to count (English), compter (French), contare (Italian) 1 kappuwanun – kup -> kapp 2 kappuit 3 kappuwait/kappuet 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... handai = to add MI 1 hatrunun d -> t (drops n before consonant t) 2 hatraes (drops n before consonant t) 3 hatrai/hatraes 1 ... 2 ... 3 hatrair (drops n before consonant t) iya = to do MI 1 iyanun 2 iyas/iyat 3 iyas/iet 1 iyawen 2 iyatten 3 ier wemiya = to find MI 1 wemiyanun 2 ... 3 wemiyat/wemit 1 wemiyawen 2 ... 3 wemiyer harnink = to destroy HI? 1 harinkun 2 harikta (drops n before consonant k) 3 harnikta (drops n before consonant k) 1 ... 2 3 harninkir sarnink = to replace 1 sarninkun 2 ... 3 sarnikta 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... akkusk = to drink a lot MI 1 uskinun 2 ... 3 uskit 1 usgawen 2 ... 3 ... arnu = to bring MI 1 arnunun 2 ... 3 arnut 1 ... 2 ... 3 arnuir/arnuer assanu/asnu = to prepare/obtain 1 assanunun 2 ... 3 assanut 1 ... 2 ... 3 assanuir April 25 2020
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DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS IN HITTITE
DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS IN HITTITE NOUNS in Hittite: Noun declensions are fragmentary Declensions: ABL = from, of etc. ALL (directive) = to (direction) Common (masculine/feminine): sing. NOM as/is/us GEN as/iyas ACC an DAT/LOC i INST it/ta ABL ...z/za/aza/yaz ALL a (almost never attested) pl. NOM es/is ACC us GEN an/as DAT/LOC as INST it/ta ABL za/aza man = antuhsas sing. NOM antuhsas GEN antuhsas ACC antuhsan DAT/LOC antuhsi ABL antuhsaz pl. NOM antuhses ACC antuhsus GEN antuhsas DAT/LOC antuhsas anna = mother sing. NOM annas GEN annas ACC annan DAT/LOC anni ABL annaz pl. NOM annis ACC annus aruna = sea sing. NOM arunas GEN arunas ACC arunan DAT/LOC aruni ABL arunaz(za) pl. ACC arunus kessara = hand kess -> kiss sing. NOM kessaras GEN kissaras ACC kisseran DAT/LOC kissiri INST kisserit ABL kissaraz(a) pl. ACC kisserus isha = lord sing. NOM ishas DAT/LOC ishi/eshe ALL isha pl. NOM ishes DAT/LOC ishas halki = cereal sing. NOM halkis GEN halkiyas ACC halkin INST halkit ABL halkiyaza pl. NOM halkis ACC halkius/halkes tuzzi = army sing. NOM tuzzis/tuzziyas GEN tuzzias ACC tuzzin DAT/LOC tuzziya ABL ... tuzziyaz pl. ACC tuzzius halukanni = chariot sing. NOM halukannis GEN halugannas ACC halukanin DAT/LOC haluganni(ya) INST halukannit ABL ...haluganniyaz(a) halhaltumari = cornerstone sing. DAT/LOC halhaltumari(ya) pl. NOM halhaltumares GEN halhaltumariyas DAT/LOC halhaltumariyas ABL halhaltumaraza huwasi = grindstone sing. NOM huwasi GEN huwasiyas DAT/LOC huwasi(ya) ABL huwasiyaz pl. NOM huwasi ispantuzzi = wine barrel sing. NOM ispantuzzi GEN ispantuzziyas DAT/LOC ispantuzzi INST ispantuzzit ABL ispantuzziaz zahhai = battle sing. NOM zahhais GEN zahhias ACC zahhain/zahhin DAT/LOC zahhiya ABL ... zahhiyaz(a) lengai = oath sing. GEN likiyas/lingayas ACC lingain DAT/LOC linkiya/lingai ABL linkiaza pl. NOM lingais ACC lingaus zashai = dream sing. ACC zashain DAT/LOC zashiya INST zashit ABL ...zashiyaz pl. ACC zahsimus harnau = chair sing. NOM harnaus GEN harnawas ACC harnaun DAT/LOC harnawi wellu = meadow sing. NOM wellus ACC wellun DAT/LOC welli ABL welluwaz pl. DAT/LOC welluwas heu = rain sing. NOM heus GEN hewas ACC heun INST heawit pl. NOM hewes/heyawes ACC heus siu = god NOM siunis/DINGURus as/iyas ACC siunin DAT/LOC siuni INST siunit ABL ...z/za/aza/yaz pl. NOM siwannies ACC simus GEN siunan/siunas uttar = word Cf. “utter” (English) NOM uttar GEN uddanas DAT/LOC udani INST uddanit ABL .. udanaza/undananza pl. NOM uddar GEN uddanas DAT/LOC uddanas memiya = word Cf. “memory” (English) + “mémoire” (French) etc. sing. NOM memiyas GEN memiyanas ACC memiyan DAT/LOC memiyani INST meminit pl. ACC memiyanus eshar = blood NOM eshar GEN eshanas DAT/LOC eshani INST eshanta ABL eshanaza/esnaza watar = water Cf. all sorts of Indo-European languages, especially “water” (English) NOM watar GEN witenas DAT/LOC witeni INST wetenit ABL ...wetenaza pahhuar = fire NOM pahhuwar GEN pahhuwenas DAT/LOC pahhueni INST pahhuenit ABL pahhuenaz mehur = time NOM mehur DAT/LOC mehueni hilammar = gate Common (masculine/feminine): sing. NOM hillamar GEN hillamnas ACC hillamar DAT/LOC hillamni INST it/ta ABL hillamnaz ALL hillamna nepis = sky sing. NOM nepis GEN nepisas DAT/LOC nepisi ABL nepisaz(a) ALL nepisa ais = mouth sing. NOM ais GEN issas DAT/LOC issi INST issit ABL issaz isgaruh = container, vessel sing. NOM isqaruh/iskarih DAT/LOC hi INST isqaruit arkamma = tribute sing. NOM arkammas GEN arkammanaas ACC arkamman pl. ACC arkammus muri(yan) = grapefruit sing. NOM mures INST murinit ABL ...z/za/aza/yaz ALL a (almost never attested) pl. ACC muriyanus kard= heart Cf. “heart” (English) + “coeur” (French) etc. etc. sing. NOM SA(ideogram)+ir GEN kardiyas DAT/LOC kardi INST kardit ABL kartaz ALL karta parn = house sing. NOM pir GEN parnas DAT/LOC parni ABL parnaza ALL parna (almost never attested) Adjectives: salli = big sing. NOM sallis GEN sallas/sallaiyas ACC sallin DAT/LOC sallai ABL ...sallayaz ALL a pl. NOM sallaes ACC sallaus/sallius DAT/LOC sallayas suppi = pure NOM suppis GEN suppayas DAT/LOC suppai/suppi/suppa/suppaya INST suppit ABL suppayaza pl. NOM suppaes/suppis ACC suppaus DAT/LOC suppayas/suppiyas ABL suppayaza karuili = old sing. NOM karuilis GEN karuilias ACC karuilun ABL karuililes/karuiliyas pl. NOM karuiles/ karuiliyas GEN karuila DAT/LOC karuiliyas assu = good sing. NOM assus GEN assawas ACC assun DAT/LOC assawi INST assawet ABL ... assawaza pl. NOM assawes ACC assamus DAT/LOC INST assawet parku = high sing. NOM parkus GEN parkuwas ACC parkun DAT/LOC pargawe ABL pargawaz pl. NOM pargawes/pargaus ACC pargamus/pargaus DAT/LOC pargawas April 26 2020
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BASIC HITTITE VOCABULARY
BASIC HITTITE VOCABULARY: In order to decipher Linear A, you need to know Hittite. With the kind assistance of Alexandre Solcà, who knows Hittite very well, I am finally learning the language. How exciting! Here you see my preliminary vocabulary of Hittite. ACT = action/AGR = agricultural/ANI = animal, bird etc./AST = astronomy/CLI = climate/COL = colour etc./COM = commerce/FOO = food etc./FUR = furniture etc./GEO = geographic/MIL = military/MUN = municipal/PER = personal/REL = religion/ROY = royalty/SCR = scribal/TEX = textiles/VES = pottery,vessels ais = mouth PER akkalan : (kind of plow) AGR aku= to drink (cf eku-, §11) FOO akkusk = to drink a lot MI (reiterative) FOO alsant- (c) : prisoner MIL alwanzatar (n, §83) : magic REL alwanzessar (n) : witchcraft, magic REL annas = mother PER annalla/annalli : maternal; old PER aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL antu- (n) : property AGR antuhha/antuhsa/antuhsas - (c) = antuwahha- (§17a), antuhsa- "human being" PER ariya- (I 4) : to study an oracle, ask an oracle REL ariyasessar (n, §84) : oracle REL arkammas = tribute MIL arkuwar (n, §85) : prayer REL arnu = to bring MI ACT arunas = sea GEO asandul/asandulatar crew MIL asandula- (c) : garrison MIL assanu/asnu = to prepare/obtain MI ACT asawar (n, §85) : enclosure AGR assu- (n) : goods, merchandise (id NÍGGA) ? the good AGR assus = good PER atta- (c) : father PER attalla- : paternal PER atis (n) : axe MIL Cf. English “axe” TÚGadupli- (n) : garment, dress TEX auri/awari- = awari- "border guard" (§17) MIL azzikk = to adore (all the time) MI REL E: ed = to eat MI FOO eku to drink FOO ekuna = cold (Akk ka?û) CLI ekunima- (c) : the cold CLI eshar = blood PER eshas = ishas = "lord, master" (§10) ROY es = to be MI ACT H: DUGhakkun?i- : (a pot) VES halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL LÚhaliyatalla- : temple guard REL halkis = cereal AGR GIŠhalmasuitt- (c) : throne (id GIŠGUZA) ROY halukannis = chariot MIL handai = to add MI ACT/SCR handandatar (n, §83) : miracle REL happar- (n) : trade COM happiriya- : town (id URU) MUN hara(n)- (c, §88a) : eagle ANI hark = to hold, to have MI ACT harki- : white, clear COL harnaus = chair FUR harnink = to destroy HI Cf. English “to harm” MIL harsan/harsar- (n) : head; person (id SAGDU) PER harsanalli- (n) : crown ROY harsauwar (n) : agriculture, farming AGR DUGharsiyali- (n) : storage receptacle, pithos VES hassa hanzassa : grand-son and grand-grand-son ? (§89b) PER GIŠhassalli- (n) : stool (id GIŠGÌRGUB) FUR haster- : star (id MUL) AST hassu- : king (id LUGAL) ROY hassusara- : queen (id MUNUSLUGAL) ROY hatrai = to write MI SCR Lúhattalwala/LÚhilamma-- : gate keeper, door guard MIL hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR.MIL heus = rain CLI GIŠhuluganni- (c) : chariot MIL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL I,Y: UDUiyant- (c) : sheep AGR iyata- (n) : abundance AGR irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL ishassara- (c) : lady ROY isgaruh- (n, §87) : (a pot) VES ishas = lord ROY ispant- (c) : night AST ispantuzzi = wine barrel VES istamas = to hear MI PER iya = to do MI ACT G,K: kard= heart Cf. “heart” (English) + “coeur” (French) etc. etc. nominative = LOGO+ir PER É karim(n)i- : ritual building, temple REL karuilis = old PER DUGkattamarant- (c) : (a pot) VES kessaras = hand PER gimmara/gimra- "field" (§26) AGR guen(ant)- : woman (id MUNUS) PER kuen = to strike, kill MI Cf. kill (English) + tuer (French) MIL kuer- (I 1 c) : to harvest AGR kuera- (c) : countryside (id AKÀR) AGR kuis, n kuit : (relative and interrogative pronoun; §119ff) ? kuit ap?t = "what is that ?" ? Also kuis = "someone", kuit = "something" (especially in UL kuis "no one, not the least") ? kuis kuis : "the one the other" ? kuis kuis : "whoever" (§120) ? kuis imma (kuis) : "whoever else" (§120) PER kuissa : each (§125) PER kuiski : someone kuitki : something (§124ff) ? UL kuiski : no one, no UL kuitki : nothing (§124) PER kupawi = to count MI Cf. français “couper” SCR kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN L: LÚlahhiyala- (c) : man of war, soldier MIL lahhiyatar (n, §83) : (military) campaign, expedition MIL lahhurnuzzi- (n) : sacrificial altar REL lami = to detach HI? ACT lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL GIŠluttant- : window MUN luzzi- (n) : corvée = a day's unpaid labor owed by a vassal to his feudal lord/forced labour exacted in lieu of taxes, in particular that on public roads MIL M: malla- (II 2 c ?) : to grind AGR marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO masdu- (c) : chain, rope, shackles MIL mehur = time Cf. English “hour”, français “heure” etc. AST memal- (n, §79) : groats AGR memiyas = word Cf. “memory” (English) + “mémoire” (French) etc. SCR milit- (n, §76) : honey (id LÀL) AGR muri(yan) = grapefruit, nominative = mures AGR N: nega- (c) : sister (id NIN) PER negna- : brother (id ŠEŠ) PER nekut- (c) : evening AST nepis = sky AST ninik = to mobilize MI MIL B,P: pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL pai = to go MI ACT DUGpalha- (c) : cauldron VES panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL parkuyatar (n, §83) : purification, atonement REL parn = house, nominative = pir + pir : house (§89a; id É-ir) MUN pattar (n) : wing ANI perunant- (c) : rock AGR pittar (n, §82) : wing; feather ANI Cf. English “feather” pittarpalhi (c) : (a bird) ANI punus = to ask MI ACT S: sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO salles- (I 1 f) : to grow, increase AGR sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY sankunni/sankunniyant- (c) : priest (id LÚSANGA) REL sarnink = to replace MI ACT sasanna- (c) : lamp VES sasta- (c) : bed PER ses = to sleep MI PER sessar : beer (id KAŠ) AGR/FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO GIŠsesarul- (n, §79) : sieve FOO siu = god, nominative = siunis REL suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL suppal- (n, §79) : animal ANI suppis = pure REL suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL D,T: dannatta- : empty, desert AGR dankui- : black; dark (id GE6) AST/MIL tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES taru- (n) : wood (id ?IŠ) AGR te = to speak MI ACT tekan earth AGR tessummi- (c) : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES tuppa- (c) : vessel, container VES tuppi- (n) : tablet, document (Akk ?uppu) SCR tuzzis/tuzziyant - (c) : army MIL U: udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL uttar = word Cf. “utter” (English) ACT uwate = to bring MI ACT W: wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL watar (n, §82) : water (id A) ? Pl wid?r : also "irrigation" AGR welkuwan- (n) : grass, plant AGR wellus- (c / n) : meadow (id ÚSAL) AGR wemiya = to find MI ACT wesi- (c) : pasture AGR wetant- : year (id MU) AST wiyana- : wine (id GEŠTIN) FOO Z: zahhais = battle MIL zashai = dream (no nom.) REL zeri- : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES zeriyalli- (n) : vessel stand VES GIŠzuppari- (n) : torch MIL April 22 2020 PRIMARY BY CATEGORY: * = major category AGR = agricultural * akkalan : (kind of plow) AGR aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL asawar (n, §85) : enclosure AGR assu- (n) : goods, merchandise (id NÍGGA) ? the good AGR antu- (n) : property AGR halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL halkis = cereal AGR harsauwar (n) : agriculture, farming AGR hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR/MIL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL UDUiyant- (c) : sheep AGR iyata- (n) : abundance AGR irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL gimmara/gimra- "field" (§26) AGR kuer- (I 1 c) : to harvest AGR kuera- (c) : countryside (id AKÀR) AGR kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN malla- (II 2 c ?) : to grind AGR marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO memal- (n, §79) : groats AGR milit- (n, §76) : honey (id LÀL) AGR muri(yan) = grapefruit, nominative = mures AGR pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL perunant- (c) : rock AGR sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO salles- (I 1 f) : to grow, increase AGR sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY sessar : beer (id KAŠ) AGR/FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL dannatta- : empty, desert AGR tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES taru- (n) : wood (id ?IŠ) AGR tekan earth AGR udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL watar (n, §82) : water (id A) ? Pl wid?r : also "irrigation" AGR welkuwan- (n) : grass, plant AGR wellus- (c / n) : meadow (id ÚSAL) AGR wesi- (c) : pasture AGR ANI = animal, bird etc. hara(n)- (c, §88a) : eagle ANI pattar (n) : wing ANI pittar (n, §82) : wing; feather ANI Cf. English “feather” pittarpalhi (c) : (a bird) ANI suppal- (n, §79) : animal ANI FOO = food etc. aku= to drink (cf eku-, §11) FOO akkusk = to drink a lot MI (reiterative) FOO ed = to eat MI FOO eku to drink FOO marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO GIŠsesarul- (n, §79) : sieve FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO wiyana- : wine (id GEŠTIN) FOO MIL = military * alsant- (c) : prisoner MIL aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL arkammas = tribute MIL arkuwar (n, §85) : prayer REL arnu = to bring MI ACT asandul/asandulatar crew MIL asandula- (c) : garrison MIL atis (n) : axe MIL Cf. English “axe” auri/awari- = awari- "border guard" (§17) MIL halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL halukannis = chariot MIL harnink = to destroy HI Cf. English “to harm” MIL Lúhattalwala/LÚhilamma-- : gate keeper, door guard MIL hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR/MIL GIŠhuluganni- (c) : chariot MIL irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL kuen = to strike, kill MI Cf. kill (English) + tuer vassal(French) MIL kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN LÚlahhiyala- (c) : man of war, soldier MIL lahhiyatar (n, §83) : (military) campaign, expedition MIL lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL luzzi- (n) : corvée = a day's unpaid labor owed by a vassal to his feudal lord/forced labour exacted in lieu of taxes, in particular that on public roads MIL masdu- (c) : chain, rope, shackles MIL ninik = to mobilize MI MIL pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL tuzzis/tuzziyant - (c) : army MIL udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL zahhais = battle MIL GIŠzuppari- (n) : torch MIL PER = personal * ais = mouth PER annas = mother PER annalla/annalli : maternal; old PER antuhha/antuhsa/antuhsas - (c) = antuwahha- (§17a), antuhsa- "human being" PER assus = good PER atta- (c) : father PER attalla- : paternal PER eshar = blood PER harsan/harsar- (n) : head; person (id SAGDU) PER hassa hanzassa : grand-son and grand-grand-son ? (§89b) PER istamas = to hear MI PER kard= heart Cf. “heart” (English) + “coeur” (French) etc. etc. nominative = LOGO+ir PER karuilis = old PER kessaras = hand PER guen(ant)- : woman (id MUNUS) PER kuis, n kuit : (relative and interrogative pronoun; §119ff) ? kuit ap?t = "what is that ?" ? Also kuis = "someone", kuit = "something" (especially in UL kuis "no one, not the least") ? kuis kuis : "the one the other" ? kuis kuis : "whoever" (§120) ? kuis imma (kuis) : "whoever else" (§120) PER kuissa : each (§125) PER kuiski : someone kuitki : something (§124ff) ? UL kuiski : no one, no UL kuitki : nothing (§124) PER nega- (c) : sister (id NIN) PER negna- : brother (id ŠEŠ) PER sasta- (c) : bed PER ses = to sleep MI PER suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL REL = religion * alwanzatar (n, §83) : magic REL alwanzessar (n) : witchcraft, magic REL ariya- (I 4) : to study an oracle, ask an oracle REL ariyasessar (n, §84) : oracle REL azzikk = to adore (all the time) MI REL LÚhaliyatalla- : temple guard REL handandatar (n, §83) : miracle REL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL É karim(n)i- : ritual building, temple REL lahhurnuzzi- (n) : sacrificial altar REL lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL parkuyatar (n, §83) : purification, atonement REL sankunni/sankunniyant- (c) : priest (id LÚSANGA) REL siu = god, nominative = siunis REL suppis = pure REL suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL zashai = dream (no nom.) REL ROY = royalty * eshas = ishas = "lord, master" (§10) ROY GIŠhalmasuitt- (c) : throne (id GIŠGUZA) ROY harsanalli- (n) : crown ROY hassu- : king (id LUGAL) ROY hassusara- : queen (id MUNUSLUGAL) ROY ishassara- (c) : lady ROY sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY SCR = scribal handai = to add MI ACT/SCR hatrai = to write MI SCR kupawi = to count MI Cf. français “couper” SCR memiyas = word Cf. “memory” (English) + “mémoire” (French) etc. SCR tuppi- (n) : tablet, document (Akk ?uppu) SCR VES = pottery,vessels DUG logogram for vessels * DUGhakkun?i- : (a pot) VES DUGharsiyali- (n) : storage receptacle, pithos VES isgaruh- (n, §87) : (a pot) VES ispantuzzi = wine barrel VES DUGkattamarant- (c) : (a pot) VES DUGpalha- (c) : cauldron VES sasanna- (c) : lamp VES tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES tessummi- (c) : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES tuppa- (c) : vessel, container VES zeri- : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES zeriyalli- (n) : vessel stand VES
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